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慕容复父子一心复兴燕国-为什么不招兵买马反而混迹江湖呢? - 全文

来源:名资汇网 caiji007 2023-12-10 06:35:00

在金庸武侠名著《天龙八部》里,拥有“南慕容”美誉的慕容博、慕容复爷俩,怀着“兴复大燕国”的壮志雄心,手段也称得上阴险毒辣。但细心反复推敲,却叫许多读者连呼蠢到催人泪下:“复国”这么大的事情,关键就得手上有兵。可这费尽心机一辈子的慕容博老爹,尽管也说要“建一支义旗”,却也仅仅 嘴边说说。儿子慕容复成天在江湖上乱串,成天惦记着“收揽人心”,还不惜给人当驸马认干爹,可唯有练兵打仗这事情,一点儿没干。

这般复国招数,等于是成天混在江湖上四处煽风点火拉仇恨,干等待改朝换代后混水摸鱼,最终落个念佛的念佛疯的疯,也是绝不奇怪。这等没头苍蝇上蹿下跳一样的战略,比买彩票中双色球的几率还低。但对这事情,小说原著里,慕容博老爹也是一肚子苦水:“想我慕容氏人丁单薄,势力微弱,重建邦国,当真谈何容易?”简言之,想在大宋造个反,真的很难。

而放到真正的历史上,慕容博的这声悲叹,实际上也相当靠谱。在大宋“造个反”有多么难?最先就需要看一下,大宋王朝“守内虚外”的国防制度。

实际上,造反这事情,放到宋朝历史上,真不是罕见事。大宋“田制不立”,土地兼并十分比较严重,农户差役地方税压力更极重。别看“富宋”的大城市高度兴盛,但就算在“梦华”一般的汴京,全是“都城外不数里,饥寒而死者甚众”。农民起义也就成了在所难免,例如在称为古代“最好四十年”的宋仁宗年间,农民起义就高达四十多次。北宋一百六十七年国祚,暴发农民起义二百零二次,每一年必须“造一两次反”。

这般“造反成风”的时期,慕容博爷俩凑个热闹,好像是不会太难,但想取得成功,却比登天还难:北宋二百零二次农民起义不假,但统统是地域性农民起义,沒有一次发展成相近黄巢闯王李自成那般的全国动乱。无论一开始气势多少,基本上多是迅速被平掉。由于大宋这“守内虚外”政策,“守”得太彻底!

就以军队而言,宋太祖年间,北宋禁军二十二万人,发展到八十年后的宋仁宗年间,竟膨胀到一百二十六万人。并且要留意,恰恰是《澶渊之盟》后的“宋辽和平”时代,北宋的军队开始膨胀,就是说为了“防造反”。养兵也是不惜血本,就算你是禁军中普通一兵,平常傻吃混吃等死,也是平躺着就会有钱粮拿。大宋称为“人杰地灵”的财政收入,六分之五都用于养兵。

那么不惜血本培育出的军队,三分之二之上都驻守在汴京周边,哪有动静,马上就能快速启动。能否打两说,但总数上确是较大优势,一般的农民起义,人少且战斗能力差,自然迅速就给平掉。对于慕容博“建一支义旗”?那还真不足给人塞牙缝。并且,就算慕容博父子“复国”信心坚定不移,不惜叫手下“义旗”们修练慕容家传武学,每个练就斗转星移参合指,打起來以一当十,也也许吃不住北宋“守内”的另一个招式:招兵!

在大宋官府来看,造反不就是说为钱嘛,那么就比谁有钱?要是产生动荡或灾难,大宋除了开战,也摇起“招兵”旗帜,常常把“和人为害者募之入军”。例如“欲得官,杀人放火受招安”这类的老话,也就是从北宋年间起流行。以宋朝学家吴儆的话说:“防盗莫先于慕名为兵”——把这群人都参军来“养”,大宋就安全了。

这般实际操作,倘若姑苏慕容家真贸贸然造反,后果还可以想:即使一开始占了划算,暴揍宋军一顿,可大宋要是“招兵”。自己的“义旗”们,除了邓百川包不同等几个死忠粉外,也许必须一下子投靠官府,只把自己闪成光杆司令。招贤纳士?即使把燕子坞等“姑苏慕容产业链”全卖了当经费,也许也竹篮打水一场空。造反这般艰辛,慕容博爷俩挑选“混江湖”,实际上也是取长补短。

而仔细看这事情的话[文],大宋养兵的钱,招[章]兵的钱,根子上说,[来]還是要狠刮群众。这[自]般出来,越造反越养[历]兵,越养兵越造反。[史]那样的两极化,也就[大]摧残了北宋一百多年[全],直至踩入靖康之耻[网]的深坑。

但放到《天龙八部》[文]小说里,坚信也就是[章]这“守内虚外”的制[来]度,让了解自己斤两[自]的慕容博爷俩,看到[历]了“复国”新突破口[史]:大宋“守内”不假[大],对外开放边防武备[全]可就“虚”了,挑动[网]大宋跟外族宣战不就[文]得了?这般呕心沥血[章],如同慕容博给萧远[来]山的一句表述:“倘[自]若宋辽间战衅重开,[历]大燕便能乘时而动。[史]

可那么问题来了,你可以煽风点火,却哪儿拱不好,可为什么偏要要挑动宋辽对决,因此不惜逮着萧远山一家人坑呢?由于放到《天龙八部》的背景时代,北宋后半期时,这宋辽边境线,就是说大宋国防最薄弱的地方。

北宋“守内虚外”,国防有名的“虚”,而做为北宋防御力辽国天然屏障的河北要地,那也是“虚”到家。宋辽和平后,伴随着北宋腐败问题加重,河北禁军也加快腐烂,各级军人大多纨绔膏粱子弟,这群率先垂范的军将,以元祐年间(《天龙八部》背景时代)监察御史张舜民的痛斥说,真是“唯是饮食宴乐,优游暇日而已”,除了吃吃喝喝就是说旅游。平时军队训练也“不修讲复”,就是说一群吃客军人领着的“废物军队”。

更恐怖的是,就这样的“废物军队”,到之后连数都凑参差不齐:例如河北的战略要冲定州,账目上驻守着十万人,来到北宋后半期,平常竟只能六七千人。并且这還是“河北驻防处”,别的的兵家必争之地,士兵也是注水。这般“虚”的国防,当然就被慕容博爷俩看上。

而放到真正的历史上,看了那样的国防,那样的“守内虚外”,也就能搞清楚:为何“联金灭辽”战场上,河北禁军组成的宋军,先被辽国残兵打的哇哇大哭,又被金军铁蹄辗压的遍体鳞伤,叫理论上重兵把守的汴京,随便就曝露在金军马刀下——依靠“守内”和“养兵”,大宋得到了心理安全,随后理所当然的文恬武嬉,把国防浪费成渣。靖康之耻,就是为这一切付钱。

但相比这种令人震惊的北宋王朝笑柄来,慕容博爷俩挑选“混江湖”,却也来源于宋朝另一个社会风气:飞涨的民间尚武风。

宋代常被称作“弱宋”,但事实上,“弱”的是北宋的执政者,群众不但不弱,反过来学武风气极盛。大宋的民间各地,也是学武“社团”众多,民间“结社”成风。例如在北宋中后期的山东山西河南河北各地,群众就组成“弓箭社”,每一“社員”配置弓箭武士刀,平常里结合练功,一旦碰到外族或术士侵入,就结伙抵御。以大文豪苏东坡估算,仅定、保两州,就会有651个“弓箭社”,三万多人变成“社員”。

这般隆重开幕,也成[大]了后人武侠书的“素[全]材”。慕容博父子混[网]在其中,也是一切正[文]常:那么个卧虎藏龙[章]的“武林”,自然是[来]自己“复国”的助推[自]

而在真正的历史上,“弓箭社”自然沒有帮慕容家复国,却成了大宋王朝的真实保护神:当靖康之耻暴发,北方半壁山河失陷时,就是北方大量“弓箭社”站出去,她们或结寨自我保护,或组成义军,就算武器装备拙劣训练比较有限,却仍然与强劲金兵血浴坚持。宋室南渡后,就是以“弓箭社”为骨干的北方义军们,很多年如一日的顽强奋战,才为仓惶南窜的南宋,获得了稳住阵脚的最佳时机,及其一次次很大的光复机遇。只可惜,宁愿杀良将认大叔送钱“换和平”的南宋王朝,辜负这么多忠勇的老百姓。

慕容博爷俩“混江湖[历]”的话题,实际上就[史]是说那么个小创口,[大]充足帮人们看懂北宋[全]的盛衰,更有多少反[网]思在其中。


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